NIST finalized three Post-Quantum Cryptography standards in August 2024. FIPS 203 (ML-KEM) covers key encapsulation. FIPS 204 (ML-DSA) covers digital signatures. FIPS 205 (SLH-DSA) is a hash-based digital signature scheme. A fourth standard based on the FALCON algorithm was under development as of mid-2025 - verify current status with NIST.
FIPS 203 standardizes ML-KEM (Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism), formerly CRYSTALS-KYBER, with three parameter sets (ML-KEM-512, ML-KEM-768, ML-KEM-1024).
FIPS 204 standardizes ML-DSA (Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Algorithm), formerly CRYSTALS-Dilithium, for general digital signature use.
FIPS 205 standardizes SLH-DSA (Stateless Hash-Based Digital Signature Algorithm), formerly SPHINCS+, which uses hash functions rather than lattice problems as its security foundation.
These three standards are expected to be incorporated into FIPS 140-3 validated modules over time - verify current CMVP validation status with NIST.
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