FIPS 203 is a NIST Federal Information Processing Standard published in August 2024. It specifies ML-KEM (Module-Lattice-Based Key-Encapsulation Mechanism), a post-quantum key encapsulation algorithm derived from CRYSTALS-KYBER. FIPS 203 provides three security parameter sets: ML-KEM-512, ML-KEM-768, and ML-KEM-1024, offering different security and performance trade-offs.
FIPS 203 was published by NIST in August 2024, alongside FIPS 204 (ML-DSA) and FIPS 205 (SLH-DSA). It standardizes ML-KEM, a key-encapsulation mechanism for establishing a shared secret key over a public channel, with three parameter sets: ML-KEM-512, ML-KEM-768 and ML-KEM-1024, in increasing order of security strength.
Migration planning usually starts with an inventory of where RSA or elliptic-curve key exchange is used, since those are the uses ML-KEM is designed to replace. In the SCF, this work sits in the Quantum Security (QTS) and Cryptographic Protections (CRY) domains.
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